荔枝视频

If you look at the trees as you鈥檙e driving on the Trans-Canada Highway toward Banff National Park, you will see Engleman spruce on the cooler, wetter northeast-facing slopes of the Three Sisters. Across the valley, on the warmer, drier southwest-facing slopes of Grotto Mountain, are white spruce.

The species typically crossbreed in central British Columbia and Northern Alberta, but those in the Bow Valley corridor west of 荔枝视频 remain distinct species because they are strongly adapted to different sides of the same valley.

Scientists at the 荔枝视频 who studied the two types of trees have determined that they use the same genetic tool kit whether they grow in the mountains or across vast northern latitudes.

鈥淚t鈥檚 pretty remarkable seeing how similar the patterns in their genomes look,鈥� says , PhD, professor with the in the Faculty of Science. 鈥淚 was expecting there to be some degree of similarity, but the degree of similarity was pretty striking.鈥�

The research, which was published earlier this spring in the journal , is important because it helps scientists understand how species survive and evolve. The information will allow foresters to study drought tolerance and may eventually help to develop markers to improve tolerance in tree-breeding programs. 

The study suggests that there鈥檚 a consistent and even predictable pattern of local adaptation across geographical landscapes, with some regions of the genome being favoured across both species. This strong and repeated is presumably mainly driven by climate, as Engelmann spruce tends to live in higher elevation montane regions with deeper snowpacks and warmer average temperatures, while white spruce inhabits colder, drier and lower-elevation boreal regions.

Yeaman, who鈥檚 corresponding author on the paper led by postdoctoral researcher Dr. Gabriele Nocchi, PhD, says the spent many days hiking in the Canadian Rockies west of 荔枝视频, to gather 384 samples from the trees that could then be studied in his lab.

Yeaman says it鈥檚 a bit like having a natural laboratory in the mountains.

鈥淓ach valley is like its own little lab setting to see how evolution has played out,鈥� he says. 鈥淭hese species colonized these valleys presumably independently, so, if we see the same patterns pop up over and over again in each valley, that really strongly suggests certain regions of the genome being particularly important.鈥�

The results, Yeaman adds, also provide insight into evolution.

鈥淥ur lab does a lot of work on testing evolutionary theory, just understanding the process of evolution at a basic level,鈥� he says. 鈥淏y looking at places where adaptation is repeated in nature, that allows us to get more insight into how evolution works.

鈥淲hat was fascinating for us was to see that the same patterns that were present across thousands of kilometres were seen in these small spatial scales.鈥�

Yeaman says they will continue sampling the other valleys to gain more insight into the traits that drive adaptation.