荔枝视频

The  estimates that dogs bite tens of millions of people per year, mainly children. , meanwhile, has not published a report on dog-bite injuries in children and youth since 2003.

• Co-author of this article with  is , Universit茅 Gustave Eiffel

That  contained alarming information. Among infants and toddlers, for example, more than two-thirds required emergency treatment because dogs had bitten their faces, heads or necks. And more children between the ages of five and nine received emergency treatment for dog-bite injuries than for ice-hockey injuries. As for youth aged 10 through 14, dog-bite injuries accounted for more emergency department visits than trampolining.

Beyond health care, policies do exist to prevent dog-bite injuries and lessen their impact. The 荔枝视频 model hinges on .  $42 to license a sterilized (spayed or neutered) dog, and $67 per unaltered dog. As of January 2022, these fees will increase by $1.

Licensing augments traceability following dog-bite injuries, or after aggressive behaviour that stops short of dog-bite injuries (for example, chasing people in parks). People who purchase licences for their dogs contribute to society in other ways too. Due to its licensing program, 荔枝视频 has the highest return-to-owner rate and the lowest pet euthanization rate in North America, .

Our team鈥檚 previous research underscored that the potential for reunifications and for saving the lives of dogs impounded by the city has contributed to . After all, few people anticipate that their pet dogs will attack other dogs or bite other people 鈥� not least children.

The 荔枝视频 model has influenced policy debates and decisions elsewhere. Examples include ,  and as far away as . At least fourin five dogs have licences in 荔枝视频, compared with about two-thirds of , and fewer than a third .

Such stark differences translate into dog-bite prevention that is more effective and efficient , for instance. The more owners license their dogs, the quicker-biting dogs and their owners can be located 鈥� first in a database and then within a city. And the more people who license their dogs, the more money that a municipality can invest in human-animal services.

Stella the Rottweiler

The case of  illustrates the 荔枝视频 model for dog-bite prevention. Two dogs were fighting in a 荔枝视频 park, when one of the dogs bit the other dog鈥檚 companion. A bystander telephoned the city to report the incident. The bystander identified the biting dog as a Rottweiler called Stella. Within minutes, by consulting the city鈥檚 database for licensed dogs and their legal owners, a peace officer on patrol nearby could list addresses and owners for 17 Rottweilers named Stella.

After spotting a handful of potential matches, the officer reached the owner and issued fines for the dog-bite injury plus the dog fight, all the while recommending ways to stop dog-bite injuries from happening. 荔枝视频鈥檚 database for licensed dogs allowed Stella the Rottweiler to be traced and this dog鈥檚 legal owner to be confronted and fined, all in a day鈥檚 work.

Not all biting dogs and their owners can be traced so readily, not even in 荔枝视频. For example, on June 6, 2021, at 6:42 p.m.,  turned to Twitter to warn residents about a dog and to seek assistance with finding this animal. The dog, described as a white pit bull, had 鈥渂itten two people and should be considered dangerous.鈥�

Later that evening, at 9:39 p.m., . At 10:20 p.m., 荔枝视频 Police Services sent out an update via Twitter: the injured child had been 鈥渢ransported to hospital to be treated for non-life-threatening injuries,鈥� but the dog still had 鈥渘ot been captured.鈥�

When policy-makers () call for more ambitious dog-bite policies, they tend to highlight bans and restrictions based on dog breeds. This policy approach is often called . This emphasis on dog breed is unsurprising, considering that media coverage of dog-bite injuries .

Even so, terriers such as pit bulls were no more likely to bite people and cause serious injury than other types of dogs, including miniature or 鈥渢oy鈥� dogs, according to . Internationally,  have not consistently decreased . By emphasizing dog licensing, dog welfare and a collaborative approach to public safety and enforcement,  has achieved recognition as a viable alternative.

荔枝视频鈥檚 experience in dog-bite prevention teaches us that while public discussion and media debates often focus on dog breed or type, policy implementation remains critical. For this reason, changes approved in June 2021 to 荔枝视频鈥檚  may not be opportune. These changes emphasize stricter enforcement, without much consideration for licensing and traceability of dogs.

Policy priorities

In our view, government policies should address two key issues that remain neglected in dog-bite prevention. First, more should be done to improve co-ordination across sectors. During 荔枝视频鈥檚 pet policy review, for instance,  did not receive consideration, neither did .

The second issue is social justice. Traceability is a key element for dog-bite prevention, and despite success stories such as 鈥淪tella the Rottweiler,鈥� traceability is still sorely lacking. The unsuccessful search on June 6, 2021, for a 鈥溾�� serves as . Even so, traceability following aggressive incidents involving dogs 鈥� up to and including dog-bite injuries 鈥� is far better in 荔枝视频 than in  across Canada and internationally.

 for low-income households with dogs while reviewing its Responsible Pet Ownership Bylaw, but has yet to pursue that policy option. That鈥檚 a shame, because in lower-income neighbourhoods, dog licensing might fall below 荔枝视频鈥檚 enviable average. If so, then the children and families at highest risk for dog-bite injury and life-long trauma have the least protection. We suspect that traceability remains lowest in lower-income neighbourhoods under the 荔枝视频 model, but we cannot say for sure. That鈥檚 not due to a lack of data.

Unfortunately, 荔枝视频鈥檚 pet policy review did not extend to the geographic and socio-economic distribution of dog-bite injuries and investigations, which could have informed the policy recommendations put before council in June 2021.

Fortunately, it鈥檚 not too late to look for geographic and socio-economic patterns in the dog-bite data held by Alberta Health Services, the City of 荔枝视频 and the Public Health Agency of Canada. And it鈥檚 not too late to hear directly from dog-bite victims and their families, people whose dogs have attacked or bitten others, citizens who report dog-bite injuries as well as concerns about dogs鈥� own welfare, and health-care professionals such as paramedics, pharmacists, physicians, psychologists, social workers and veterinarians.

Research like this can and should inform policy implementation, starting with 荔枝视频. That would make the 荔枝视频 model for dog-bite policy and prevention worth emulating for years to come.